Ciociaria In the places of Pope Celestine V.
Anagni, Fumone and Ferentino. ©
of Sergio Andreatta
September 20, 2010, the 140th anniversary of the breach of Porta Pia. In the morning we move from Latin America in the direction of a route during the Ciociaria Celestine, in the lands of Boniface VIII. Together with me and Professor Rosario Pirri is a Franciscan who lived as a hermit since 1999 his "praise of solitude" * Morgia on Quadra Molise. The monk will tighten throughout the day between his hands libro delle Lodi e, come una reliquia accarezzata, una copia del libro la “Vita C” di Celestino V. La “Vita C” scritta da due suoi discepoli coevi, Bartolomeo da Trasacco già testimone nel Processo di canonizzazione del 1313 e Tommaso da Sulmona, è l’opera che giaceva dimenticata in una polverosa biblioteca parigina sino al 2002 allorchè è stata ritrovata da Stefania Di Carlo dell’Università de L’Aquila (poi tradotta da Ilio Di Iorio). L’opera porta la prefazione di mons. Giovanni D’Ercole, orionino vescovo ausiliare de L’Aquila e mio compagno di studi per cinque anni a Grotte di Castro e a Roma. Oggi ricorre, quindi, la data della dissoluzione di 14 secoli di potere time of the Popes (without which Italy would never have Rome as its capital worthy) whose antecedents can be traced historically, as the antithesis to the desire of excessive power of Pope Boniface VIII cesaristico already in policy of Philip IV the Fair King of France. He was a layman opposed the idea convinced cesaro-papist Boniface VIII and the tax on the absolute primacy of the Church (Pope as King of Kings) in European foreign policy era. Two epochal figures opposite, that of Celestine V and Boniface VIII, who saw their feet intertwined in the works and days without wanting to. So humble, and perhaps blasé incompetent in governing the Church-Empire (up to take the risk to themselves to be exploited dal D’Angiò) il primo quanto energico, giurista smaliziato e politico rotto agli affari, perfino negli interessi esclusivi da assicurare al proprio casato dei Caetani e nepotista pervicace (basti pensare solo agli 8 tra parenti e affini nominati cardinali durante i 5 concistori) il secondo. Finalmente liberatosi dell’eremita-papa-eremita di cui era stato segretario e suggeritore non soltanto per le questioni politiche e giuridico-canoniche ma fin nelle modalità della confezionata sua rinuncia (“… colui che fece per viltade il gran rifiuto” per Dante – Inferno, III, 58-60 – non sembrerebbe però identificabile con lui per Natalino Sapegno), Bonifacio poteva agire ormai nelle vesti di liquidatore dell’impronta Celestine. So in 1297 the Franciscan inquisitor entrusted with the task of Matteo da Chieti flush out and punish some strange people who were moving so poorly in Central Italy is not just concentrated living in Molise ("tanquam in cubilibus strutiorum in vestimentis ovinis receptantes) leather clothes sheep in a place similar to stallucce for ostriches.
Father Luciano Proietti, which currently operates in the hermitage of S. Egidio Frosolone above, I went on this bulb. That's why I accompany it with interest today on this trip. He reminds me that the spiritualist movement of the "Fraticelli opinion, advocates of absolute poverty, he was active in Molise between Agnone, Chiauci, Frost and Civitanova. Spiritualists in search of mysticism gathered many of them in the convents dedicated to St. Onofrio. For the Poor Hermits Morronesi, later called the Brothers of the Holy Spirit or Celestine, seemed to feel safer in dwelling in a territory (Isernia and environs), which was the pope's native whose footsteps were inspired, here was his home and stronger Here is a perceived aura of holy hermit spirituality. And then those ruins, so often observed, a former convent of the same name that still dominate the restored monastery of St. Egidio Mount Banner. The widespread religious movement was inspired by a little 'to the prophetic vision of Joachim of Fiore and especially the spirit of poverty di Pietro (Angeleri) del Morrone. Era stato autorizzato dal papa e si atteneva ad una Regola costitutiva sotto la guida di Pietro da Macerata, “fra Liberato”. Ma Bonifacio VIII, forse per esigenze di ricercata discontinuità e di antagonismo con il predecessore, pensò bene di ordinarne lo scioglimento. Alcuni fraticelli tentarono, allora, per spirito di sopravvivenza di resistere alle procurate avversità. Ma nel 1304, dopo varie e altalenanti vicissitudini, Carlo d’Angiò, detto lo Zoppo per la sua menomazione, per non rendersi più inviso al nuovo papa coll’ospitare all’interno del Regno di Napoli questi umili da alcuni considerati ora in odore di eresia, spinse perché fosse nominato un inquisitore apostolic work, the idea finally come to a head. It was so named a fanatical Dominican Thomas of Aversa, a character already banned for seven years by the preaching and teaching for denying the existence of the stigmata in S. Francis but then suddenly rehabilitated for offices of the same King Charles. Now with the deception of a letter that Thomas Aversa summoned to the humble friars to be announcing the final recognition of their loyalty to the Catholic religion. Gathered so joyfully Frosolone 42 friars arrived and the inquisitor. The crackdown was swift and Thomas the exemplary sentence. All were immediately imprisoned, along with a score of villagers accused them of protected, fed and housed. The imprisoned were expediting Publishing Naples, Castel Capuano, and then transferred to Trivento, locked in a tank and subjected to the most atrocious torture. Suspended from the beams with his hands tied behind their backs and weights attached to the feet, the poor were immersed in freezing water while the legs were scraped with sharp points. This torture continued, even more severe in Roccamandolfi from Pentecost to Christmas, for five months. In the end it was a necessary act of the same King of Naples to stop such inhumane cruelty but "Fraticelli opinion" were forced to spend the same, naked and bound, on the streets of Naples to be flogged, marked with a cross on the body, and finally expelled forever from the kingdom.
But while all this was happening, the most zealous inquisitor of the time that Thomas Aversa was suddenly hit by a serious illness that somehow he regarded as a kind of punitive retaliation for its repressive and cruel excesses. So, caught alive, remorse, religious authority said that the few survivors Fraticelli (pauculi illi fratres superfuerant here) to be reinstated in their possessions S. Onofrio and they returned the money was stolen. It was too late. This terrible history of oppression of independent thought and spirituality strong in poverty, the beggars were broken and forced to become extinct, aleggerà dark on me throughout this day of our journey Celestine.
pontine arrive by car from the "City of Popes," at Anagni. We enter the Romanesque-Gothic Cathedral of St. Mary whose construction (1065 - 1104) a Latin inscription dates back to the work of Bishop Peter of Salerno ("... He built this church with great efforts, the Bishop Peter. The begot and gave it to us the noble land of Salerno ... "trad.). Majestic cathedral, the floor (1227 - 1231) is a fine work of art cosmatesca well preserved and highlighted by Plexiglas chairs that will enhance the design. In this church, where important historical events in the pope's summer home, officiated four popes (Innocent III - Lothario Conti, Gregory IX - Count Ugolino, Alexander IV - Rainald Conti and Boniface VIII (1294-1303) - Benedetto Caetani). Here was a treaty signed between the papacy and the Lombard communes "pactum anagninum" (I in 1159 - II in 1160) recognized that for the first time the Lombard League (Umberto Bossi knew it would be here and not in Pontida to make her more Annual solemn oath), there were few canonized saints of the first magnitude for the Catholic Church by St. St. Bernard of Clairvaux Edward of England, S. Bishop Peter of Trevi hermit whose history clings particularly father Luciano, S. Clare of Assisi which also is in the name of my parish, and in Latin America are devoted. I look at the episcopal throne in marble Vassalletto (1263) and, with a return to the past, I represent the impressive Bonifacio VIII sitting there smug in the fullness of his powers, they knelt down in front of the cardinals, bishops, mayor, and great captains of the people part of his compatriot animated anagnina including excel in a display of social status and wealth of gold for clothing and his own family, the Caetani inside the cathedral that also have their chapel to the custody of the remains and of rekindles memory of their ancestors. The facies of the pope that I can imagine is that of an authoritarian pope and a little 'arrogant, fond of the cult of personality as we can already see the marble statue that watches from the side of Cathedral Square on a beautiful Innocent III in his medieval architectural perspectives. This characteristic temperament is perhaps best read on the funerary statue by Arnolfo di Cambio in a building if it shows the cast. But it is the crypt that focuses all our attention with his most remarkable blend of Romanesque arches, with the original floor cosmatesco with frescoes (also known as the "bible of the poor") by the Benedictine monks who tell a cosmic story to the glory of the man who keeps the law. Ah, what and how much current policy in this triumph of painting, as a tribute to those who respect the law, whatever, civil or religious! Here lie the remains of saints S. Great, SS. Aurelia and Neomisia, S. Secondina, S. Oliva (also the patron saint of Cori in the province of Latina), S. Sebastian, S. Cesareo and other martyrs. On these relics could gather together and pray in so many kings and common people, pilgrims returning from the Holy Land, lay and religious, including more than once Angeleri Pietro del Morrone, and of course by Benedict Gautani Alagna was born and raised here that according to the Chronicle of Giovanni Villani. The Franciscan hermit who accompanies me, even tried to mislead his keen interest in the historical culture and art, does not fail to gather for the recitation and singing of Lauds. Will return to him constantly throughout the day over his deep spirituality that has asked me to lead in these sacred places. We move now in the Palace of the family of Boniface VIII. Undisputed master of this region (Land and Maritime and the Terra di Lavoro), the Dukes dominated Caetani until Tirreno maintaining various castles (including the strategic and the fortress of Fumone Sermoneta) and fortresses in the territory and possessions accumulated endless lands. Captured by the history we enter the palace already purchased in 1295 by Boniface the noble Conti of Anagni family from which they originated three popes. The story, or perhaps more to the legend, he wants one of those rooms painted with floral and faunal and exactly in the Hall of the Exchequer has occurred the famous episode of "the slap of Anagni. He writes Dante's Divine Comedy (Purgatory Canto XX): "... I see him enter Alagna cornflower / and in his Vicar Christ made captive / ..." The slap, perhaps more moral outrage than physical because it seeks to crack the absolute authority ( and history on this point has not been able to clarify), was struck by James Sciarra (= bully) column, rather than Envoy of the French king Philip the Fair, William of Nogaret. The two with about a thousand men to spare, helped by some prominent traitors in Anagni, penetrated the night between 6 and 7 September 1303 in the city and Ernica in the papal palace in order to prevent the practice of posting on the doors of the cathedral of Anagni the excommunication of the French king who was supposed to take place the morning of 8. Economic reasons were theocratic and political landscape in the background and battle going on for years between the two protagonists of the history of the period. Philip IV requirements for state treasury was determined to tax the clergy, its estates and its immense property on French soil but the pope Lazio, strong of its prerogatives, was opposed Strongly recalling it all with a long series of bubbles (auscultation LAN, 1301) to the last (Unam Sanctam, 1302) that the relationship between church and state was to establish the undisputed primacy of the first. But an indomitable Philip did not want to fold, call and submit it for granted that it was soon excommunicated with the result that anyone would have implied authority to dethrone him and kill him. How could still happen, but in the Islamic world, for a fatwua Iman. How long was the gospel in all this, albeit in the context of the times and you would like to introduce mitigating circumstances, I am still very obscure. Only feuding for power between factions powerful Roman family. Philip However, strong the support of many cardinals and bishops, particularly but not exclusively French, had filed a lawsuit against the pope accused of causing the most serious atrocities sustainable (heresy, sorcery, sodomy, simony, ...) and coming to ask for the invalidation or invalidity of the election. It was necessary, however, for a perfect and indisputable legal act by other sovereigns, that the pope was published in France and was entitled to participate in some way, the same process. The first to break into the upper chamber of the Palazzo Sciarra Colonna family was right (it seems that an urgent physiological need had held the last minute De Nogaret) that, to mature revenge, so he struck the outrage on behalf of the Colonna family who had suffered six years before the interdict, excommunication and confiscation of assets of two of his cardinals (James and Peter) for daring to question (Length Manifesto, 1297) the legitimacy of the Pope and the subsequent destruction of the "homeland" Palestrina. Sciarra also harbored a personal hatred against the Caetani as a grandson of Benedict as he had promised in marriage it had planted as soon as his uncle Cardinal had risen to the papacy now seem insignificant status of Sciarra. "Mole's stat" now the family motto became obscured by a Sciarra worm, an obsession, a sustainable cause of revenge. But even here, as can be seen, the plots are different, political, legal, family disputes and the primacy of emotional and even going to confuse the common thread is a question and not at all linear cloudy. Freed from there to three days after a popular uprising and taken under guard to Rome, the Pope would no longer be recovered from this humiliation and suffering would have died within a few days on 11 October 1303. A history as one of those tumultuous years that will later (1304) to the excommunication of the city of Anagni by the successor to the throne Benedict XI (from Treviso to Cardinal Niccolò Boccassini only witnessing the "slap" a sua volta avvelenato dopo questa bolla di scomunica con un piatto di fichi) ma che ancor prima aveva portato Bonifacio VIII, a seppellire vivo per dieci mesi in una fredda segreta della Rocca di Fumone il suo predecessore Celestino V. Qui era stato già sepolto vivo in precedenza un antipapa e, da morto, sotterrato a cinque metri di profondità perché non fosse più possibile rinvenirne i resti. Da dire, nella convulsa teoria di papi e antipapi, che risultò spesso difficile poter distinguere sempre ortodossamente e definire storicamente con metodo e giustezza canonica a chi veramente si dovesse attribuire la legittimità di quel prefisso di anti-. Molti secoli dopo, poco più di un secolo fa, in questo stesso tenebroso castello sarebbe stato poisoned with cyanide by the seven sisters the only male heir of the noble Longhi - Caetani. It was a tender child of just over three years and is now showing her body embalmed to us in an overflow of emotions in a lighted display case. And we can not say struck by the cruelty inflicted by this unjust fate by early this wire cut from the Fate Atropos. And who knows how many frames and many other horrible ghosts still roam in the dark windy night of this manor but so strategically useful to the defense of Rome. Who knows? ... "When the earth trembles Fumone smokes," he said as the popular proverb to the effect that the signs of smoke coming from the top the noble tower, destroyed by the neo-owners Longhi in 1600 to make way for Europe's highest roof-garden, pointed to the guards of the papal city in constant sight of the approaching enemy armies. The walls could be so strengthened and armed to the city time and not be caught unawares. But there is no greater than the emotion one feels constrictive tunnel nell'addentrarsi in prison where, after ten months of suffering, he died in pain Celestine V. Narrow, cold, dark. Behind this act of inhuman cruelty committed by Boniface VIII, who had first impressed Celestine V, then in Naples, even using a phone gimmick to talk the night through the chimney of the room in which the item was received by the conditioning of the 'angel of the Lord ", then prompted him to resign and the abdication, renunciation (and refusal to canon law), there were many specific interests to defend and unmentionable, even before the risk of a schism within the Church. But "the human soul is like an abyss that draws God, and God will be thrown in" as he wrote (in Diary) Julien Green ... We gather in silence and prayer at the place where Celstino V, now proclaimed patron of the Molise Region, among so many hardships and torture has expired. Father Luciano Proietti is mystically absorbed over the piccolo altare costruito in occasione della visita di Paolo VI nel 1966, io sono sopra la soglia della miserevole gattabuia dove una croce di luce vividissima annunciò ai due frati celestini che il papa imprigionato aveva esalato la sua anima (19 maggio 1296). “L’angelica farfalla” di Dante (Purgatorio, X,125) era volata via. Il cadavere ingombrante fu traslato nottetempo, nascosto in un carro di fieno come quello di un eretico, di un ladro o di un appestato, fino al monastero di S.Antonio abate a Colle del Fico, 4 km. fuori dalle mura di Ferentino. Eletto papa, nel conclave di Perugina (1294) tra lo stupore generale, colui che da giovane, appena ordinato sacerdote a Roma, era stato subito attratto sulle montagne dell’Abruzzo the hermit life of Flavian by Fossanova (a blessed our countryman so far totally unknown), by Pope found himself in the face of political and economic interests that made him understand just how he was lamb among wolves, and had thus waived. Celestine V, who even in death he could somehow get into quarrels of others, was canonized by Pope Clement V in 1313 at Avignon, in the meantime had moved the papal court (asked to consider the legal concept of home-vacant). Proclaimed a saint after just seventeen years after his death. Boniface VIII was the same, perhaps in the grip of aftereffects of guilt or perhaps to get away from judging him in the eyes of the Christian people, who had begun his cause of beatification. Boniface VIII in his chiaroscuro (for the most complete knowledge must necessarily rely on the paths of historiography and bibliography) rests in the vaults of the Vatican Basilica. San Pietro Celestino in the body except the heart is still preserved incorrupt in Ferentino Clarisse nuns, returned (1327) L'Aquila (in his St. Mary Collemaggio or pardon) where he had been proclaimed and crowned as pope, and is celebrated by the universal Church on May 19, his dies natalis.
"Potentia lu de Patre, comforts me
Sapientia de lu Filiu, enseñanza me.
Gratia Sanctuaire de lu Spiritu, alumina me.
Damme ccognoscere to you to mme,
K'io little bitter and you fear
And keep me vile little wasting et
And in no small deadly rheumatic cadire
And the eternal life, not little loss. " Amen.
United in the spirit of peace and good with the young monk praying.
© - Sergio Andreatta
(Anagni, Fumone, Ferentino, 09/20/2010) are reserved.
sergio.andreatta @ gmail.com
* Father Luciano Proietti, praise of the solitary life (Life of St Giles), Ephphatha Editrice, Torino, 2008, Introduction to Anna Maria Canopi OSB, cover and illustrations by Giorgio Eloisa Andreatta. Since 1999 he leads a hermit life in the heart of the Apennines of Molise "for pilgrims who want to experience prayer." From Latin America receives and directs spitualmente years now, a large movement of people "Camminoinspes" the parish of St Clear that it was also extended to those of S. Benedetto di Borgo Piave and S. Pius X Borgo Isonzo.
thank Don Angelo Conti, in photography, pastor of St. Anthony Abbot of Ferentino, for his enlightening historical explanations on the latest events and Celestine granted to visit the newly restored monastery.
0 comments:
Post a Comment